CSugarRefined added sugar. It is generally recognized as safe in food, but it adds calories without nutrients and is not ideal for children when consumed often.PubMed · NIH
CInvert SugarA refined added sugar made from sucrose split into glucose and fructose. It behaves like other added sugars and has the same general concerns for dental health and excess calorie intake.PubMed · NIH
DCorn SyrupA refined syrup made from corn starch and used as an added sugar. It is associated with the same concerns as other added sugars, and high-fructose forms are especially common in sweet foods; the child health concern is mostly excess sugar exposure.PubMed · NIH
CModified Corn StarchA processed starch used to thicken or stabilize foods. It is generally considered safe, but it is a refined ingredient rather than a whole food.PubMed · NIH
BTartaric AcidA food acid used to add tartness and help control acidity. It is permitted in foods and is generally low risk at typical dietary levels.PubMed · NIH
BCitric AcidA common food acid found naturally in citrus and also used in manufactured form. It is generally recognized as safe and mainly serves as an acidulant or preservative helper.PubMed · NIH
CNatural And Artificial FlavoringA broad flavor mixture that can include many different compounds, some natural and some synthesized. Safety is generally regulated, but the exact composition is usually not disclosed, so child-specific safety data are limited.PubMed · NIH
DYellow 6An FDA-approved synthetic dye used to color foods. Some studies and regulatory reviews have raised concerns about hyperactivity or behavioral sensitivity in some children, so it is rated toward the higher-risk end for child-focused assessment.PubMed · NIH
DRed 40An FDA-permitted synthetic dye. It has child-relevant safety concerns because some studies and regulatory reviews have linked artificial colors to hyperactivity or behavioral effects in sensitive children.PubMed · NIH
DYellow 5An FDA-permitted synthetic dye. It has child-relevant safety concerns because some studies and regulatory reviews have linked artificial colors to hyperactivity or behavioral effects in sensitive children.PubMed · NIH
DBlue 1An FDA-permitted synthetic dye. It has fewer specific child-safety concerns than some other dyes, but artificial color additives are still associated with limited evidence of behavioral effects in sensitive children.PubMed · NIH
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